#Verb complementation. Complex-transitive verbs. Predicative complexes that function as objects only
Some monotransitive verbs take direct objects that can be followed by object complements, which together make up a complex object. These are complex transitive verbs. The direct object generally represents a person or thing, and the object complement adds information about it. This information can:
-describe a state or characteristic of the referent of the direct object: He keeps the garden beautiful.
identify it: They elected her Miss America.
express a role: His friends regard him as a genius at chess.
a circumstance or a situation in which the referent is said to be: I found her lying on the floor.
With some complex transitive verbs object complements (denoting a state or characteristic) are expressed by adjectives and adj groups. These are:
-verbs of causing: The news left me speechless (cut, drive,keep,paint,send,get,leave, rub, make etc)
-verbs of opinion: I imagined him much older. (account, find, believe, consider, think, presume etc)
-verbs of declaring: They declared the bridge unsafe.(declare, pronounce, call, report, certify, name, turn)
The verbs of appointing (appoint, crown, make, name, proclaim) introduce noun phrases or prepositional phrases as object complements denoting identity: The witch turned pince into a frog.
Four types of complex transitive verb complementation (object complements are realized be non-finite forms of the verb):
1. infinitive after (such as assume, believe, consider, understand, feel, imagine, know):
• Wish ( I’d like you to see him)
• Verbs of emotions ( I hate you to think)
• Mental activity (We believe John to be honest.)
• Causative verbs such as make, have, get (bare inf. BUT after get- no bare inf)- ( He made me come)
• Sense perception – bare inf.( he saw her go outside)
2. PART I
Sense perception ( I saw her crossing the street)
3. PART.II
1) Wish
2) Verbs of emotions
3) Mental
4) Sense perception
5) Causative verbs
We heard the door shut. We heard John killed.
4. NON-VERBAL
1) Opinion
2) Mental activity
3) Sense perception
He judged her young.
-describe a state or characteristic of the referent of the direct object: He keeps the garden beautiful.
identify it: They elected her Miss America.
express a role: His friends regard him as a genius at chess.
a circumstance or a situation in which the referent is said to be: I found her lying on the floor.
With some complex transitive verbs object complements (denoting a state or characteristic) are expressed by adjectives and adj groups. These are:
-verbs of causing: The news left me speechless (cut, drive,keep,paint,send,get,leave, rub, make etc)
-verbs of opinion: I imagined him much older. (account, find, believe, consider, think, presume etc)
-verbs of declaring: They declared the bridge unsafe.(declare, pronounce, call, report, certify, name, turn)
The verbs of appointing (appoint, crown, make, name, proclaim) introduce noun phrases or prepositional phrases as object complements denoting identity: The witch turned pince into a frog.
Four types of complex transitive verb complementation (object complements are realized be non-finite forms of the verb):
1. infinitive after (such as assume, believe, consider, understand, feel, imagine, know):
• Wish ( I’d like you to see him)
• Verbs of emotions ( I hate you to think)
• Mental activity (We believe John to be honest.)
• Causative verbs such as make, have, get (bare inf. BUT after get- no bare inf)- ( He made me come)
• Sense perception – bare inf.( he saw her go outside)
2. PART I
Sense perception ( I saw her crossing the street)
3. PART.II
1) Wish
2) Verbs of emotions
3) Mental
4) Sense perception
5) Causative verbs
We heard the door shut. We heard John killed.
4. NON-VERBAL
1) Opinion
2) Mental activity
3) Sense perception
He judged her young.